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Monday, October 21, 2013

Should We Have Compassion For A Community Callus?

Brenda Clark

Professor Monique Williams

English 1A

Section:  014

17 October 2013

                                                Should We Have Compassion For a Community Callus?

              We all have a place for compassion in our hearts whether we demonstrate compassion on a regular basis or not. Those of us that are struggling in life have compassion, and those of us that are doing well in life are able to have compassion for those that are struggling, although we do not always admit that we have this compassionate side. Tattoos on the Heart points out that “Al Sharpton always says, “We’re all created equal, but we don’t all end up equal.”” (Boyle 77). If we are all created equal then we all have compassion, and need to demonstrate compassion for a community callus, as we are all a part of at least one community. Our reputation belongs to that of the community to which we belong. If the community is viewed positively, we as a part of the community are viewed as good people. On the other hand, if the community is viewed negatively, we are more than likely going to be viewed negatively also if we are a part of the community, even if we are not contributing to the negativity. Being compassionate in this respect allows us to do our best to help those that are struggling in order to improve the outlook of the community to which we belong.
     People have been compassionate for as long as we have known, since the reign of God. This implies that compassion is a natural born instinct. As stated in Tattoos on the Heart, “Certainly compassion was the wallpaper of Jesus’ soul, the contour of his heart, it was who he
was” (Boyle 62). Jesus is known for being non-judgmental and for the forgiveness of sins. This means that he does not judge people for who they are, whether they are gang members or successful human beings. The circumstances through which one has become a gang member are often likely to be out of the control of the individual. Children who grow up without parental support, have parents involved in gangs, and/or live in communities saturated with gang activity have a higher likelihood of becoming gang members themselves. Once people are involved in gangs and become victims of the prison system, it becomes difficult if not impossible for them to lead productive lives, because this becomes part of their record that travels with them through their adulthood. This record does not disappear even if people turn themselves around for the better and remove themselves from the gangs and become positively involved in their communities. We need to have more compassion for people that have the willpower to realize that they have a problem and improve upon their behavior and their outlook on life. Most of us have been through a struggle in our lives, because as we all know nobody is perfect. I am sure that if we put ourselves in the shoes of the people that are struggling, we would hope that there would be compassionate people in our communities to help and support us through our own struggle. 

Monday, October 7, 2013

School Resources - Nine Paragraphs


Clark 1

Brenda Clark

Professor Monique Williams

English 1A

Section:  014

03 October 2013

 

Poorly Funded Public Schools – Nine Paragraphs Regarding School Resources

            Materials are not as important as having a competent individual who is passionate about teaching in the classroom, to provide a quality education to students.  Certain materials such as pens or pencils and paper are necessary to provide students with the ability to take notes on the material that is taught by the teacher, although students can do without other materials such as crayons, backpacks, or pencil boxes, while materials such as books, rulers, etc. can be shared if there is not a sufficient supply for each student. In my experience, modern elementary school teachers typically request that students provide many of their own supplies including crayons, markers and colored pencils.  Realistically, these three items are not all necessary.  Only one of these items is necessary, in order to add color to a project or assignment. As a parent of an elementary school student myself, I would much rather know that my child is being taught by a competent teacher who is passionate about teaching than not know much about the teachers’ qualifications although know that my child is sitting at a desk that is full of unnecessary supplies. With the economic crisis that exists in this generation, most parents would rather pay their bills and if possible have a little bit of money left over as a cushion if necessary than invest their money in school supplies that may not even need to be used.
            Having proper materials for educational purposes is very important when teaching certain types of classes such as science, music, or physical education. Science classrooms such as those that teach chemistry require materials including bunsen burners, flasks, chemicals, etc.  Music classes that teach instrumental music require instruments, while physical education classes require equipment such as balls, exercise equipment, sports equipment, etc. in order to provide variety to students. If these classes do not have proper equipment, students will not receive proper education.  Schools will end up like Goudy, as described in Savage Inequalities “where there are no science labs, no music or art classes and no playground” (Kozol 80). These classes provide students with the opportunity to be creative and use their imagination, and often times are the only inspiration that students have to continue their education or to inspire them to look forward to attending school. They are the classes which require the most supplies; therefore everything possible should be done to assure that these classes have sufficient supplies available to them.

            Basic materials such as toilet paper, paper towels, Kleenex, soap, etc. are materials that really matter, although are not thought about as often, as they are not always used in the classroom but rather are used in other areas of the school campus. They are basic materials that we use on a daily basis at home and almost everywhere we go.  In my experience many schools have Kleenex listed on the suggested supply list requested from parents at the beginning of the school year. Typically in my experience with schools in the Bay Area toilet paper is not requested, although it was requested from me by an elementary school in Mexico. At the time I thought that it was a ridiculous request, although now that I have thought it through I realize that it is a necessity that cannot be eliminated. As described in Savage Inequalities, in schools like Goudy, “the two bathrooms, lacking toilet paper, fill the building with their stench” (Kozol 80). In this particular situation, lacking a basic supply such as toilet paper, contributes to an unhealthy environment which nobody, especially children, should be exposed to.  As a parent I will do everything that I can to be certain that my child is not without necessary supplies, as I was fortunate to grow up with the supplies that I needed, and thankful to still be able to  provide the basic necessities for myself and my family.

            Children feel embarrassed and experience hurt feelings when they do not have the materials that other children have. Children are innocent and should be treated equally. They should not feel inferior to any other child or be made fun of due to not having something simple such as a pencil, paper, backpack, etc. To prevent this from happening, schools should provide necessary materials to students rather than requesting that materials be provided by the students themselves, as some families are not financially able to do so. Children seem to find any reason to make fun of other children, whether because they do not have materials at all or if the materials that one has are better than what the other has. In this respect, I agree with schools that have a policy which requires students to wear uniforms, as this provides no opportunity for children to make fun of what other children are wearing. In terms of cost, uniforms do not necessarily cost more than any other clothing.  I have even seen them being sold at discount retailers such as Wal-Mart. Children are highly susceptible to emotional trauma and should not put in any position that allows for their self-esteem to be lowered.

            Children also feel hopeless when they do not have the materials needed to succeed in their education. They do not value their education and subsequently have a higher likelihood of dropping out of school. Some of the schools described in Savage Inequalities have high dropout rates due to a scarce amount of teachers and sometimes even no teacher at all in a classroom full of students. A teacher is the number one form of educational material. If this material is missing or lacking in quality, such as the quality of education that the teacher is able to provide to the students, students will not be educated appropriately or have the experiences that they need to open their minds and create goals for their future. We learn from our experiences, therefore if we are without necessary materials, we are learning to expect to be without the materials in the future, giving us no motivation to continue with our education.

The only positive value that children can learn from not having enough materials is appreciation. They can learn to appreciate the few materials that they do have, and/or look for ways to improvise and use other materials to substitute for the materials that are lacking. Many people are materialistic, and are in competition with each other to have something better than the other person, such as a job, car, house, etc. As a young adult, I lived in poverty temporarily while resolving a family issue in Mexico. I noticed that there is a drastic difference between the citizens of the United States of America and those of Mexico. While living in Mexico I had to survive with the bare minimum amount of material. There are not as many jobs available in Mexico and the lifestyle is such that most women do not work outside of their homes. Now that I have returned to California where I was born and raised, I live with a minimum amount of material by choice. I have learned to appreciate my second hand clothing, furniture, etc., as these were things that I had very few of while in Mexico. Being without materialistic items has taught me that many of the amenities and other things that I grew up with are not necessary. For example, I  grew up with cable television, although have learned to live without it, and even view it as a negative influence at times because I have found other means of entertainment that are more valuable to me, such as spending time with my family.

When children have the school resources that they need they feel confident. They do not have to worry about going to school and being without materials that they need to be properly educated and complete their assignments. Having the resources needed at school also makes school feel like a better place than home for some children who do not have sufficient resources available to them at home. With enough resources, children will have a higher likelihood of excelling in their education, which will then result in their desire and determination to continue with their education and create educational and career goals for themselves. I am dedicated to my education and have earned good grades in school throughout my educational experience, which has inspired me to continue with my education and return to college. At times attending school is a challenge because I have an extremely demanding lifestyle as many other students do, although I am thankful that I have had the necessary resources and materials available to me to be able to look beyond the difficult times and look forward to my future goals, without giving up on my education. I am confident that I will reach my goal eventually, as long as the school resources continue to be available to me and I continue to believe in myself.

Children are often careless with the materials when they are not in high demand. They do not have to worry about not having enough; therefore they tend to be wasteful. For example, if a child makes a mistake while beginning to write a paper, they throw the paper away rather than simply erasing the mistake, as they do not have the worry of running out of paper. Children do not learn to appreciate and be grateful for the materials that they do have if they have not ever been without. When I think of this ungratefulness, I think about a time when my daughter was in kindergarten. I was told by her teacher that she was breaking crayons in the classroom. The crayons were originally supplied by the teacher, although in order to teach my daughter a lesson, the teacher required that I supply replacement crayons to the classroom as a punishment for those that she had broken. My daughter was young at the time, only five years old, although was definitely impacted by this incident and learned to respect the classroom materials. Prior to the incident, the crayons were readily available and I can only imagine that because of that my daughter did not ever expect to be without therefore she had not yet learned to appreciate the classroom materials.

Some children feel superior to other children when they have materials that others do not. Their parents may be more financially stable than those of other children, but it is hard for children to comprehend this concept. They just wonder why they do not have as nice of a backpack as another child, or fancy pencils that another child has, for example. The children that have the nice supplies look down on the children that have only basic or no supplies, therefore making the other children feel inferior. It does no good for a child to have too many or fancy materials when only basic materials are needed, as this only causes an increased susceptibility for a materialistic personality as the child grows older. Children need to be taught to be thankful and appreciate the simple things in life.  It is acceptable for some people to have more than others, as this is the nature of society. People have varied educational levels, careers, financial obligations, etc., although if you are fortunate enough to be well off and successful, you should not portray yourself as superior or make others feel inferior towards you.

Monday, September 30, 2013

Poorly Funded Public Schools - Summary and Three Paragraphs


Clark 1

Brenda Clark

Professor Monique Williams

English 1A

Section:  014

01 October 2013

 

Poorly Funded Public Schools – Summary

            My topic of focus is school resources. To begin, I researched the definition of tier one, two, and three schools according to the Department of Education website, in order to improve my understanding of how these schools are selected. I found that tier one and two schools are defined by a high school graduation rate below sixty percent in each of the last four years. These schools are also defined as persistently lowest achieving by computing an average proficiency rate for English and math test scores over a period of three years.  A school must contain at least one hundred valid test scores to be included in this category. Upon looking at the list of persistently lowest achieving schools in the Bay Area, Oak Grove Middle School, a tier one school in Concord, California, belonging to the Mt. Diablo Unified School District in Contra Costa County, stood out in particular, as that is the middle school which I attended. I looked to see if there were any persistently low-achieving schools listed in the Castro Valley Unified School District, as I have a child attending school in that district, although was unable to locate any, which was reassuring. I therefore chose to focus my research on Oak Grove Middle School. According to a real estate website by the name of homesnap.com, I found that the quality of education at Oak Grove Middle School is rated a four out of ten, the average annual expenditure per student is $11, 309.00, 72% of the student population is Hispanic, while only 12% of the population is white, 70% of the students are eligible to receive free lunch at the school, and the number of students enrolled by grade level steadily decreases as the grade level increases. At the time that the data was published on the website there were 218 students enrolled in sixth grade, 215 students enrolled in seventh grade, and only 201 students enrolled in eighth grade. I was able to relate much of this information to that of the book Savage Inequalities Children in America’s Schools by Jonathan Kozol. 

 
                                   Poorly Funded Public Schools – Three Paragraphs

            There are a numerous amount of schools in California that are classified as persistently lowest achieving, including many schools here in the Bay Area. I was not surprised that I was unable to locate any persistently low-achieving schools in the Castro Valley Unified School District where my daughter attends school, although was quite surprised when I located Oak Grove Middle School, in Concord, California, part of the Mt. Diablo Unified School District in Contra Costa County, as that is the middle school that I attended as a child. According to the California Department of Education, Oak Grove Middle School is listed as one of the lowest achieving 5% of tier 1 schools, and was enrolled in program improvement in the 2009-10 school year. I graduated from Oak Grove Middle School with honors, and proceeded to graduate high school and attend college, therefore I was unaware of any difficulties experienced by the school if any existed when I attended the school approximately twenty years ago. 

            It does not appear as though Oak Grove Middle School is underprivileged with regards to funding for materials and other resources, as a lack of resources often times contributes to decreased performance on proficiency exams. According to homesnap.com, the average annual expenditure per pupil at Oak Grove Middle School was $11, 309 which compares to some of the better schools in New York. As stated in Savage Inequalities, “in affluent Jericho and Manhasset the figures were, respectively, $11, 325 and $11, 370” (Kozol  145). According to the California Department of Education, on May 10, 2012 Oak Grove Middle School was granted a school improvement grant of $500, 000, which is the maximum allotment.  Other Bay Area schools, such as Burbank Elementary School in Hayward, California, were granted close to the maximum, although were not granted the full amount.  Burbank Elementary School was only granted $494,200. $500, 000 is a lot of money if the school is in good condition structurally and the money is not needed for building repair. This money would not have gone far in many of the poor performing schools described in Savage Inequalities, as the buildings were falling apart and needed to be remodeled or rebuilt.  There should be no reason that with this money Oak Grove Middle School would be unable to supply appropriate resources to its students in order for them to excel in their education and pass proficiency exams.

            The demographics of the Oak Grove Middle School population compare with those of the majority of underprivileged schools described in Savage Inequalities, whose students were minorities. According to homesnap.com, 72% of the school population is Hispanic, while only 12% of the population is white. I do not recall this being the case when I attended the school, although it does reflect the recent trend of an increase of the Hispanic population in California. Much of the Hispanic population has difficulty with learning English as a second language, which may have a large influence on the low test scores, and ultimately the fact that the school is on the list of persistently lowest achieving schools in the Bay Area.

            Many of the schools in poor neighborhoods mentioned in Savage Inequalities have very high dropout rates, some over 50 percent.  An example is Manley High School in Chicago, with a dropout rate of 62 percent (Kozol 71). I worry that the decreased number of students in attendance at Oak Grove Middle School compared with the increase in grade level may be attributed to students dropping out of school. According to homesnap.com, there were 618 sixth graders, 215 seventh graders, and only 201 eighth graders in attendance at Oak Grove Middle School at the time of the publication. Dropping out of school is not the answer to any problems and only causes more problems for the future of an individual.  Everything possible should be done to keep children in school, at least until they graduate from high school, and encourage students to attend college in order to better their future and the future of those around them.

 

Works Cited

"Our Mission." California Department of Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2013.

Harrington, Theresa. "State Revises Low-achieving Schools List, Bumping Four East Bay Schools and Adding Two New Ones." ContraCostaTimes.com. N.p., 10 Mar. 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2013.

"Schools Mt. Diablo Unified Oak Grove Middle School." Oak Grove Middle School Rating, Metrics, Attendance Zone and Real Estate. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2013.

Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools. New York: Crown Pub., 1991. Print.

Wednesday, September 25, 2013

PIE - Student Separation in the Educational System


Clark 1

Brenda Clark

Professor Monique Williams

English 1A

Section:  014

24 September 2013

                                                           PIE – Student Separation in the Educational System

              Teachers should not have the power to separate students into different categories of potential. We all have different amounts of potential, and our potential continues to change throughout our lifetime. From birth, we all have unlimited potential, although this amount of potential changes based on multiple factors including the environment that we are raised in, the opportunities that we are provided, etc. If teachers have the power to separate students into different categories of potential, the above level students will continue to advance and the below level students will continue to decline. When referring to the Chicago Panel on Public School Policy in Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol states “The panel also notes that poorer children do not tend to bring the top kids down. It is more likely that the high-achieving kids will bring the others up” (Kozol 75). The only time that it is appropriate and beneficial to the student to be separated into a different category is when a student is in a category that is too low for his/her learning ability. When I was in my junior year of high school, I moved to San Francisco and was assigned to a continuation school which taught multiple grade levels including junior high and high school. As I had been attending advanced placement classes at my previous high school, I had a very easy time at the continuation school, although was very bored and felt as though I was not offered the challenge that I desired. Apparently this was obvious to the school principal because shortly after I was transferred to a regular high school next door, which matched my learning ability better. I was very thankful that this change had been made, as I was beginning to feel depressed and hopeless at the lower level. All students should be encouraged to study at their own level and strive to increase their performance in order to move up to a higher level.  Students should not necessarily be separated based on potential, but should be provided with school work and taught lessons that meet their learning abilities. Higher level learners can be moved out of lower level classes if absolutely necessary, although lower level learners should not be grouped together. They should be in regular classes, and possibly even paired with higher level learners in order to provide them with motivation to reach the higher level. Teachers should have the power to inspire students rather than to group students. Students should have the power to reach the potential that they desire, without being limited by a teacher, education, or any other obstacle.

Thursday, September 12, 2013

Part III of "Writing Assignment: Rule of Three" - 3 Paragraphs


Adults may end up being isolated due to lack of socialization from too much time spent on homework as children. Isolation in adults may lead to depression, suicidal thoughts, etc. This can be prevented by assuring that children have enough time outside of school hours to practice effective socialization skills, use their imagination, find their passion, and be themselves. A child needs a proper balance of time spent in the classroom, completing homework, socializing and sleeping in order to grow up healthy and learn to live a productive life. Educational standards are more concerned with teaching students the information they need to graduate to the next grade level and complete high school than they are about the future of these students, with regards to their social lives and their health. This is the reason that parents need to voice their concerns and speak up for the future of our children.

            Too much time spent on homework can result in sleep deprivation, which has short and long term effects on an individual. In the short term, sleep deprivation can cause us to lose our ability to focus, which decreases the amount of information that we are able to retain in the classroom and in our everyday lives. Sleep deprivation and loss of focus are also major contributors to accidents such as automobile and on the job accidents. If homework is meant to reinforce lessons taught in the classroom, it is more important for a student to be able to focus in class, than to fall into a detrimental cycle of spending too much time on homework. Not being able to focus in class results in difficulty understanding the lesson, and even more time spent on homework. In the short and long term, sleep deprivation also contributes to a weakened immune system which increases the susceptibility for physical illness. Illness should be prevented as much as possible because when a student is ill they not only miss valuable time spent in class learning, but they also risk spreading illness to other students and teachers in the classroom.

In addition to the mental and physical health effects caused by too much homework, parents do not always have the time or the skills to assist children with homework.  Parents spend much of their time caring for children at home and completing household chores, as they often have jobs away from home while their children are in school.  Parents may also have been out of school for a period of time that has caused them to have a reduced retention rate of the information that they learned as children, that their children are learning now. This can cause stress for both the child and the parent, as the child does not receive the help they need, and the parent has to witness the child struggle. According to The Association of California School Administrators, “Kralovec and Buell (2001) argue that homework disrupts families because of the frustration and time that must be spent away from other family activities. They also decry the stress created by adding homework to the overburdened schedules children have. Finally, they believe that homework actually limits rather than extends learning” (ACSA 5). Homework is necessary to reinforce lessons taught in the classroom, and I don’t agree that it should be eliminated altogether, although in order to prevent adverse effects of too much time spent on homework the amount of time spent should be monitored, and time limits should be implemented according to grade level. 

 

Works Cited

"Learning Opportunities...everyday[See All Learning Opportunities...]." Association of California School Administrators. N.p., 12 Oct. 2007. Web. 11 Sept. 2013.

Tuesday, September 10, 2013

Article Summary and Link

Article on the Relationship between Mirror Neurons and Empathy
 
The article on the relationship between mirror neurons and empathy is a report on the highlights of a conference and interview with Neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran about what mirror neurons can and cannot do, about empathy, and about the relationship between the dysfunction of mirror neurons and autism. The article informs us that mirror neurons were discovered while researchers were observing monkeys’ brains. Researchers noticed that some of the same brain cells (mirror neurons) were activated when a monkey performed an action and when a monkey watched another monkey perform the same action. The article tells us where mirror neurons are located in the brain and states that mirror neurons are involved in empathy and language. We also learn how the dysfunction of mirror neurons relates to autism with respect to the fact that typically people with autism struggle with imitation and lack empathy.  The article concludes by explaining that mirror neurons take part in transmitting skills throughout generations. It explains that mirror neurons are not solely responsible for behavior. It reminds us that science is constantly progressing and that errors are common, but okay because they can be corrected.  

Sunday, September 8, 2013

TED Talk Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution


After watching the TED Talk Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution, I learned about the concept of organic living and learning. In the past when I thought of the word organic, I thought of produce. I had never heard the word organic used in any other context. I enjoyed hearing Sir Ken Robinson speak about the contrast between linear and organic learning. As he stated, linear living/learning is following a linear track through life from start to finish. This reminds me of when people say that they are doing certain things, such as raising their children, by the book. In the beginning of his talk, Sir Ken Robinson stated that "people go through life not knowing what their talents are or thinking that they have no talents." People may feel this way due to being accustomed to a linear style of living. In my opinion, it is no fun to live and/or learn in such a structured manner which does not allow for individuality. I compare my lifestyle to the organic style of living/learning described by Sir Ken Robinson. He described the organic style of living as when we "create our lives as we explore our talents." Every individual has talents, although needs to explore himself/herself to encounter and appreciate these talents, as they may be different for each individual. For example, some students are gifted at particular subjects of learning such as reading or math, therefore may be placed in advanced classes to accommodate their higher level of leaning. I personally have found that I have a talent for interacting with others, especially senior citizens, and have a natural talent for caring for others, therefore have formed my educational goals around obtaining a nursing degree.  When I graduated from high school I was unable to attend college right away, due to the need to work and support myself.  Shortly after I began college a few years after, I met my husband, and had a child.  I decided to discontinue my education temporarily to raise my children and establish a stable living environment for my family.  After approximately ten years of discontinuing my education, having two children, and establishing a steady work history, I decided to return to college.  I encountered my talent for multi-tasking and prioritizing, therefore felt confident that I would be able to succeed in my educational goals.  I am not a typical college student, young and going to school full time, although believe that by taking my time and studying at a pace that I believe fits my lifestyle, I will remain healthier and more involved in the lives of my children.  I compare all of my life experiences to an organic lifestyle as for the most part I have taken one day at a time, done my best in everything, and had a positive outlook in life.  I live my life to satisfy my own desires and the needs of my family, and do not feel pressured by others to live my life as instructed by others or expected by society.   I believe that the idea of an organic lifestyle should be utilized more in society to encourage a greater amount of individuality.  It may also lead to people living happier and more fulfilling lives.  After watching the TED Talk Sir Ken Robinson:  Bring on the learning revolution, when I hear the word organic I think of it in a deeper context, rather than just to describe something simple such as produce.